ÌÖÂÛ


³¡Í¨Á¿


ÔÚ¸ÃÁìÓò£¬N2Ofluxes ƽ¾ùΪ 6.7 6 2 lmol.m-2.h-1£¬ÕâÔÚÆäËû³±Ï«Ñо¿Ê¹Óøü³£¼ûµÄÊÒͨÁ¿·½·¨±¨¸æµÄͨÁ¿·¶Î§ÄÚ£¨Middelburg µÈÈË 1995£¬Wang µÈÈË 2007£¬Adams et al.2012£©¡£È»¶ø£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÄ·¶Î§´óÓÚ³±Ï«Æ½°åÎÄÏ×Öб¨µÀµÄ·¶Î§£¨±í 1£©¡£ÓÉÓÚ·½·¨ÉϵIJîÒ죬Õâ¿ÉÄܲ¢²»ÁîÈ˾ªÑÈ¡£ÊÒͨÁ¿·¨²âÁ¿ÔÚ¸ü´óÇøÓòÄÚÕûºÏµÄÆøÌåͨÁ¿£¨Í¨³£Îª 0.1 m2;Middelburg et al.1995,Wang et al.2007)£¬¶ø΢ÆÊÃæ·½·¨»ùÓÚ½öÔÚ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÒ»¸öµã²É¼¯µÄÆÊÃæ¶ÔÆøÌåͨÁ¿½øÐн¨Ä£¡£Òò´Ë£¬À´×Ô΢ÆÊÃæ·½·¨µÄͨÁ¿±»ÕûºÏµ½Ò»¸öСµÃ¶àµÄÇøÓò£¬µ¼Ö¸ü¶àµÄ±äÁ¿Öµ¡£³öºõÒâÁϵÄÊÇ£¬¼¸ºõËùÓеÄͨÁ¿¶¼ÊǸºµÄ£¬±©Â¶µÄ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨Խ³¤£¬ÎüÊÕÔ½¶à£¨Í¼ 1£©¡£ÕâÓÈÆäÁîÈ˾ªÑÈ£¬ÒòΪÂö³åʼþ£¬ÌرðÊÇÈóʪ/¸ÉÔﶯÁ¦Ñ§£¬Í¨³£»áµ¼ÖÂÀ´×Ô½µØµÄ N2O Á÷³öÁ¿Ôö¼Ó ÓÍ£¨Kim µÈÈË£¬2012 Ä꣩¡£È»¶ø£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµ÷²éµÄÍⲿ³±Ï«Âö³åÊÇÕâЩ³±Ì²¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐÑø·Ö¿ÉÓÃÐÔµÄÖ÷ÒªÇý¶¯ÒòËØ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¼ÙÉèÍ˳±´ú±íÁËÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ӪÑøÎïÖÊ¿ìËÙ°þ¶áµÄʱÆÚ¡£


×î³õ£¬ÔÚ¼ì²éÂö³å³±Ï«±©Â¶¶Ô³±¼ä´ø N2Ofluxes µÄÓ°Ïìʱ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔ¤¼ÆÕû¸öµÍ³±Æڼ俭·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÑõÆø¶¯Á¦Ñ§»á·¢Éú±ä»¯¡£ÌرðÊÇ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔ¤²â£¬¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨±©Â¶ÔÚ´óÆøÖеÄʱ¼äÔ½³¤£¬ÑõÆøÉø͸µ½¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÉî¶È¾ÍÔ½Éî.·´¹ýÀ´£¬ÕâÖÖÔö¼ÓµÄÑõÆø¹©Ó¦¿ÉÄÜ»á´Ì¼¤Ïõ»¯×÷Ó㬴ӶøÔö¼ÓµÍ³±ÆÚ¼ä N2O µÄ²úÁ¿ºÍËæºóµÄÅÅ·ÅÁ¿¡£Ïà·´£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¹Û²ìµ½¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÑõÆøÉø͸Éî¶ÈË汩¶ʱ¼äûÓÐÏÔ×ű仯£¨±í 1£©¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö½á¹û¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨º¬Ë®Á¿£¨SWC£©£¬ÔÚÕû¸öµÍ³±Æڼ伸ºõ±£³Ö²»±ä£¬²¢ÇÒ×ÜÊÇ´¦ÓÚ»ò·Ç³£½Ó½ü±¥ºÍ״̬£¨±í 1£©¡£Õâ±íÃ÷£¬¾¡¹Ü¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨±©Â¶ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖУ¬µ«¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¿×϶¿Õ¼äÈÔÈ»³äÂúË®£¬²¢²»ÏÔ×ÅÖØгäÑõ£¬±íÃ÷µÍ³±Ê±µÄ N2Oflux ²»ÊÇÓÉÏõ»¯Æ÷µÄÑõÆø¹©Ó¦±ä»¯Çý¶¯µÄ£¬ÕýÈç¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø×î³õ»³ÒɵÄÄÇÑù£¨±í 1£¬Í¼ 1£©¡£


´ËÍ⣬ËùÓвúÉú N2O µÄ¹ý³Ì¶¼ÒÀÀµÓÚÏò¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¹©Ó¦ÈܽâµÄÎÞ»úµª£¬Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹û DIN Ũ¶ÈºÄ¾¡£¬ÕâЩ¹ý³ÌµÄËÙÂÊ»á¼õÂý£¬N2O µÄ²úÉúÒ²»á¼õÂý£¨Burgin ºÍ Hamilton 2007£©¡£È»¶ø£¬·´Ïõ»¯¿ÉÒÔÊÊӦͨ¹ýÎüÊÕ N2O ²¢½«ÆäÓÃ×÷Öն˵ç×ÓÊÜÌåÀ´½µµÍµ×Îï¿ÉÓÃÐÔ£¨Miller µÈÈË£¬1986 Ä꣩¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¼ÙÉè N2O ÎüÊÕËæ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨±©Â¶Ê±¼äÏÔ×ÅÔö¼ÓÊÇÓÉ·´Ïõ»¯×÷ÓÃÇý¶¯µÄÍ˳±Ê±Î¢ÉúÎïȺÂä¾­ÀúµÄÓªÑøȱ·¦£¨Í¼ 1£©¡£ÕâÖÖ N2O ÏûºÄµÄÔö¼Ó´ú±íÁ˸ÃϵͳÖÐÂö³åµÄÏÔ×ÅÓ°Ïì¡£×÷ΪÕâÖÖÓªÑøÇý¶¯Âö³åµÄÖ¤¾Ý£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¿ÉÒÔ¿´¿´ N2Oflux ºÍ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÐèÑõÁ¿¡£7 Ô 31 ÈÕ N2Oflux Óë SOD µÄ¹ØϵÓë 8 Ô 8 ÈÕ²»Í¬£»Á½Õß¾ùÏÔ׏Øϵ£¨P£¬0.05£©£¬µ«¶ÔÓÚÏàͬµÄ SOD£¬ 8 Ô 8 ÈÕµÄ N2O ÎüÊÕÁ¿±È 7 Ô 31 ÈնࣨP = 0.05£©¡£¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÈÏΪÕâÁ½¸öÑù±¾ÈÕÆÚ±íÏÖ³ö¶Ô±ÈÏÊÃ÷µÄ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ N2O ¶¯Ì¬£¬ÒòΪËüÃǾ­ÀúÁ˷dz£²»Í¬µÄÌìÆøÌõ¼þ£¬²¢ÇÒÕâÖÖÌìÆø±ä»¯µ¼ÖÂÁËÄÚ²¿¾ºÕù¶¯Ì¬µÄת±ä¡£¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¡£7 Ô 31 ÈÕ¶àÎí£¬ÓÐ΢Á¿½µË®£¨NOAA£¬Êý¾Ý¿ÉÔÚÏß»ñÈ¡£©£¬5 ƽ¾ù¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ζÈΪ 24.28C£¬¶ø 8 Ô 8 ÈÕÑ×ÈÈÇçÀÊ£¬Æ½¾ù¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ζÈΪ 30.58C¡£ÕâÁ½ÌìûÓÐÏÔ×ŲîÒ죬Òò´Ë£¬N2Oflux µÄ²îÒì¿ÉÄܲ»½ö½öÊÇζȱ仯µÄ½á¹û¡£¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¼ÙÉèÔÚÑô¹âÃ÷ÃĵÄÈÕ×ÓÀï N2O ÎüÊÕÔö¼ÓÊÇÓÉÓÚ·´Ïõ»¯Æ÷±ØÐëÓë΢ÔåȺÂ侺ÕùÓÃÓÚÑø·ÖµÄÄà̲£»¼´µÍ³±Ê±µÄÏõËáÑΡ£ÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨Öк¬ÓзḻµÄ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨΢ÔåȺÂ䣻ËüÃÇÊÇÒÔ¹âºÏ¹èÔåΪÖ÷µÄ×éºÏ£¨³ÆΪ΢µ×ÆÜÖ²Îï [MPB]£©£¬Õ¼¾ÝÁË t ³±Ì²ÉÏÖ»Óм¸ºÁÃ׵Ŀ­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨£¨Pascal µÈÈË£¬2013 Ä꣩¡£×÷Ϊ¹âºÏ×ÔÑøÉúÎMPB ÐèÒª°üÀ¨µªÔÚÄÚµÄÎÞ»úÑø·Ö²ÅÄÜ·¢»Ó×÷Óã¬Òò´Ë²»¶ÏÓëϸ¾ú£¨°üÀ¨·´Ïõ»¯¾ú£©¾ºÕù¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÑø·Ö¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø½¨Òé¶àÔÆʱ£¬Èç 7 Ô 31 ÈÕ£¬ÓÉÓÚ¹âºÏËÙÂʽµµÍ£¬MPB Ñø·ÖÐèÇóÏà¶Ô½ÏµÍ¡£Õ⽫Ϊ°üÀ¨·´Ïõ»¯¾ú£¨²úÉú N2 »ò N2O£©ÔÚÄÚµÄϸ¾úÁôϸü¶à¿×϶ˮÑø·Ö¡£È»¶ø£¬ÔÚÇçÌ죬ÓÉÓÚ¹âºÏ×÷ÓÃËÙÂʸߣ¬·´Ïõ»¯Æ÷±ØÐëÓë MPB ¾ºÕùÏõËáÑΣ¨Sundback µÈÈË£¬2000 Ä꣩¡£ÔÚÕâЩÌõ¼þÏ£¬¿×϶ˮÏõËáÑοÉÄÜ»á¸ü¿ìºÄ¾¡£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÍ˳±Ê±£¬Çýʹ·´Ïõ»¯Æ÷¸ü¼ÓÒÀÀµ N2O ×÷ΪÆäÖն˵ç×ÓÊÜÌ壨Miller et al.1986£©¡£Õâ½øÒ»²½±íÃ÷£¬Ëæ×Å¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨³±Ï«±©Â¶µÄʱ¼äÔ½³¤£¬Ñø·ÖµÄ¿ÉÓÃÐԺ;ºÕù¿ÉÄÜ»áÍƶ¯ N2O µÄÎüÊÕÔö¼Ó£¬¾ÍÏñ ¼øÓÚÆäÏûºÄ N2O µÄÄÜÁ¦£¬N2O ÎüÊÕµÄÔö¼ÓÊdz±Ì²¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÌṩµÄÉú̬ϵͳ·þÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÊdz±Ï«ÑÍûµÄÈÕ³£Âö³åʼþ£¬Ëæºó±©Â¶ÔÚ´óÆøÖжԳ±Ì²µª¶¯Á¦Ñ§µÄÏÔ×ÅÓ°Ïì¡£


±í 2. ÿÖÖ´¦ÀíµÄÑø·Ö´¦ÀíŨ¶È¡¢ÈܽâÎÞ»úµª (DIN) ÓëÈܽâÎÞ»úÁ× (DIN DIP) µÄ±ÈÂÊ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ã¿¸öʵÑé´¦ÀíºÍ´¦ÀíˮƽÏÂÑÍûºËÐÄµÄ N2O ͨÁ¿¡£

ÓªÑøÌí¼ÓʵÑé


ΪÁËÇø·Ö¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔÚÒ°Íâ¹Û²ìµ½µÄ N2Oflux µÄÌض¨Ñø·ÖÇý¶¯ÒòËØ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔÚÏàͬ³±¼ä´ø¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨µÄ¶îÍâºËÐÄÉÏÉè¼ÆÁËÒ»¸ö²¹³äÑø·ÖÌí¼ÓʵÑé¡£ÕâЩÌí¼ÓµÄ N2Ofluxes µÄÁ¿¼¶Í¨³£±È¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¹Û²ìµ½µÄÒªµÍµÃ¶à³¡£¨P£¬0.01£©¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÕûÌå´úлÂÊϽµµÄ½á¹û£¬ÒòΪ 7 ÔÂºÍ 8 ÔµÄƽ¾ù¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ζȸßÓÚ 9 Ô£¨·Ö±ðΪ 27.58C ºÍ 178C£©¡£Î¶ÈϽµÒ²µ¼ÖÂÓëÏÖ³¡²âÁ¿µÄºËÐÄÏà±È£¬Ñø·ÖÌí¼ÓºËÐÄÖÐµÄ SOD ÏÔ׎µµÍ£¨P = 0.01£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¹Û²ìµ½µÄÑø·ÖÌí¼ÓÏìÓ¦µÄ×ÜÌåÇ÷ÊÆ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÏļ¾Î¶ÈÏ·¢ÉúµÄÇé¿öµÄ±£ÊؽüËÆÖµ¡£


×ÜÌå¶øÑÔ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø·¢ÏÖµ±ºËÐı»´¦ÀíÑÍûʱ N2Ofluxs ÏÔןßÓÚºËÐı©Â¶ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐʱ£¨P£¬0.01£»Í¼ 2£©¡£ÕâÓë¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÄʵµØ¹Û²ìÒ»Ö£¬²¢Ö§³Ö¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÄ½áÂÛ£¬¼´ N2O ÎüÊÕËæ×ű©Â¶¶øÔö¼Ó¾ºÕùºÄ¾¡µÄÑø·Ö¹©Ó¦¡£È»¶ø£¬ÎÞÂÛ´¦ÀíÈçºÎ£¬¶ÔÂ㶵ÄÑÒÐĶ¼Ã»ÓÐÏÔ×ŵĴ¦ÀíЧ¹û£¨Í¼ 2b£©£¬±íÃ÷´¦ÀíЧ¹ûÊÇÔÝʱµÄ£¬Ö»ÓÐÔÚ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨±»ÑÍûʱ²Å»á³ÖÐø¡£Ò»µ©±©Â¶£¬¿×϶ˮÑø·ÖËƺõ¿ìËÙʹÓã¬Çýʹ·´Ïõ»¯Æ÷Ô½À´Ô½ÒÀÀµ¼ä϶ºÍ´óÆø N2O ½øÐз´Ïõ»¯£¬´Ó¶øµ¼Ö N2O ¾»¸ºÍ¨Á¿½øÈë¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨£¨Í¼ 2b£©¡£


3. (a) DIN (y 0.0009x 0.18, R2 0.82, P 0.034) ºÍ (b) DIN DIP Ìí¼ÓÁ¿ (y 0.072x 1.5, R2 0.71, P 0.07) µÄÑÍû N2O ͨÁ¿Óë N Óë P µÄ±ÈÂÊ¡£ ¼ýÍ·±íʾ´¦Àí·½Ïò£¨´ÓµÍµ½¸ßµÄÓªÑøÌí¼Ó£©¡£ Îó²îÏß±íʾ 6SE£¬Çë×¢ÒⲻͬµÄ±ÈÀý¡£

±í 2. À©Õ¹¡£

µ±ºËÐı»´¦ÀíÑÍûʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÏõËáÑÎºÍ DIN ´¦ÀíÔÚËùÓкËÐÄÖж¼ÓÐÏÔ×ŵĴ¦ÀíЧ¹û£¬¾¡¹Ü DIN?DIP ÔÚËùÓкËÐÄÖж¼ÊÇÏÔ×ŵģ¨Í¼ 2a£©¡£ï§´¦ÀíûÓÐÏÔʾ³ö´¦ÀíЧ¹û£¬N2Oflux Óë N2Oflux Ö®¼äûÓÐÏÔ׏ØϵºÍï§Å¨¶È£¨±í 2£©¡£Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÉÓÚ Michaelis-Menten ¶¯Á¦Ñ§¡£N2O ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏõ»¯µÄµÚÒ»²½²úÉú£¬°±Ñõ»¯£¬Õâ¸ö¹ý³Ì¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý°±Ñõ»¯Ï¸¾ú (AOB) »ò°±½øÐÐÑõ»¯¹Åϸ¾ú£¨AOA£©¡£ÅàÑøÎïÖеÄAOA£¨Candidatus Nitrosopumilus maritimus'strain SCM1£©±íÏÖ³ö·Ç³£µÍµÄ±¥ºÍÖµ£¨Km£©£»130 nmol/L NH4?£¬¶øAOB¾ßÓиü¸ßµÄÖµ£¨Km'100¨C550 lmol/L NH4?£» Martens-Habbena et al.2009¡£¼øÓÚÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¼´Ê¹¶Ô·Ç³£¸ßµÄï§Ìí¼ÓÁ¿£¨³¬¹ý 600 lmol/L£©Ò²Ã»ÓбíÏÖ³öÈκη´Ó¦£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¼ÙÉèÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÏõ»¯ÈºÂäÒÔ AOA ΪÖ÷£¬ÕýÈçÒѾ­ÏÔʾÔÚһЩũҵÍÁÈÀÖУ¨Leininger et al.2006¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÈÏΪÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖеÄÏõ»¯Æ÷Ôڷdz£µÍµÄï§Å¨¶Èϱ¥ºÍ£¬Ê¹ËüÃÇÎÞ·¨Ê¹ÓöîÍâµÄµ×ÎïÀ´Ìá¸ßÏõ»¯ËÙÂÊ£¬Òò´Ë N2O µÄ²úÉúÊÇÓÐÏ޵ġ£Ïõ»¯Æ÷ȱ·¦ÏìÓ¦Ìí¼Óï§ÑÎÒ²±íÃ÷Ïõ»¯×÷Óò»Êǵ÷½ÚÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐ N2O ͨÁ¿µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬¶øÇÒÐźŸü¿ÉÄÜÓÉ·´Ïõ»¯×÷ÓúÍ/»ò DNRA Ö§Å䣬ÈçÏõËáÑÎºÍ DIN Ìí¼ÓÎïµÄÏÔ×Å´¦ÀíЧ¹ûËùʾ£¨Í¼.2). ÒÑ·¢ÏÖ·´Ïõ»¯×÷ÓÃÊÇδø£¨ÀýÈ磬Davidson µÈÈË 1986£©ºÍÈÈ´øÉ­ÁÖÍÁÈÀ£¨ÀýÈ磬Bowden µÈÈË£¬1992 Ä꣬Silver µÈÈË£¬1999 Ä꣩ÒÔ¼°ÔÚһЩº£ÑóÉú̬ϵͳÖУ¨ÀýÈ磬Dong et al.2002£¬Wang et al.2007£©¡£


ÏõËáÑδ¦ÀíÓë N2Oflux ºÍÏõËáÑÎŨ¶ÈÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÅ×ÎïÏß¹Øϵ¡£È»¶ø£¬ÕâÖÖ¹ØϵÍêÈ«ÓÉ 323 ´¦ÀíµÄ N2Oflux Çý¶¯£¨5.83 6 3.6 lmol.m¡ª2.h¡ª1£©£¬´Ó 0 µ½ 163 µÄÏàͬ¹Øϵ²»ÊÇÏÔ×űíÃ÷¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ȺÂä¶ÔÏõËáÑÎÌí¼ÓûÓз´Ó¦£¬Ö±µ½ËüÃDZȻ·¾³Ë®Æ½´óµÃ¶à¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬³ýÁË 323 ´¦ÀíÍ⣬ËùÓÐÏõËáÑÎÌí¼Ó´¦Àí¶¼±íÏÖ³ö N2O ÎüÊÕ£¨Í¼ 2a£¬±í 2£©¡£·´Ïõ»¯ºÍ DRNA¿ÉÒÔÎüÊÕÏõËáÑβ¢²úÉúN2O£¬¾¡¹Üÿ¸ö·´Ó¦µÄ¶¯Á¦Ñ§²»Í¬¡£·´Ïõ»¯ÔÚ;5ÖÁ10 lmol/L NO3¡ª±¥ºÍ£¨¾ßÓÐKmÖµ£©£¬¶øDNRAÔÚ;100ÖÁ500 lmol/L NO3±¥ºÍ¡ª£¨Jorgensen 1989£©¡£¼øÓÚÕâЩ Km Öµ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÈÏΪÊÇ DNRA ¶ø²»ÊÇ·´Ïõ»¯£¬Í¨¹ý²úÉú N2O ¶Ô¸ßˮƽµÄÏõËáÑÎ×ö³ö·´Ó¦¡£ÕâÓë±íÃ÷ DNRA ¿ÉÄÜÔÚ¸½½üÑÎÕÓÖÐʤ¹ý·´Ïõ»¯µÄÑо¿½á¹ûÒ»Ö³±Ï«Ð¡Ïª ÓÃÏõËáÑÎÊ©·Ê£¨Vieillard ºÍ Fulweiler 2012£©¡£ ´ÓϵͳÖÐÈ¥³ýÄÄЩÉúÎï¿ÉÀûÓõĵª£¨ÀýÈ磬Kieskamp et al.1991£©¡£Ïà·´£¬DNRA µÄ×îÖÕ²úÎïÊÇ泥¬µªµÄÁíÒ»ÖÖÉúÎï¿ÉÀûÓÃÐÎʽ¡£Òò´Ë£¬·´Ïõ»¯ÓпÉÄܵÖÏûÔö¼ÓµÄ N ¸ººÉ£¬¶ø DNRA ±£³Ö·´Ó¦ÐÔN ÔÚϵͳÄÚÑ­»·¡£È»¶ø£¬ÓÉÓÚ¶¯Á¦Ñ§£¬DNRA ¿ÉÄÜ»áÔÚ½Ï¸ßµÄ NO3 Ũ¶ÈÏÂʤ¹ý·´Ïõ»¯£¨Jorgensen 1989£©¡£Õâ±íÃ÷Ôö¼Ó N ¸ººÉÓпÉÄÜÓÕµ¼¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ȺÂä´Ó·´Ïõ»¯Ïò DNRA ת±ä£¬µ¼Ö½øÒ»²½µÄDIN ˮƽÉý¸ßʱ£¬Éú̬ϵͳÖÐÉúÎï¿ÉÀûÓà N µÄÔö¼ÓÒÔ¼°¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ N2O ÅÅ·ÅÁ¿¿ÉÄÜÔö¼Ó¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÁ½¸ö¹ý³Ì¾­³£ÔÚ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐͬʱ·¢Éú£¬Òò´Ëͨ³£ºÜÄÑÇø·ÖËüÃÇ¶Ô N2O ͨÁ¿µÄµ¥¶À¹±Ïס£´ËÍ⣬DNRA ÊǺÜÉÙרÃŲâÁ¿ N2O ÅÅ·Å£»È»¶ø£¬ÓÐÇ¿ÓÐÁ¦µÄÖ¤¾Ý±íÃ÷ DNRA ÔÚ½µØÍÁÈÀÖÐµÄ N2O ÅÅ·ÅÖÐÆð×ÅÖØÒª×÷Óã¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÄÇЩ¸ß pH ÖµµÄÍÁÈÀ (. 6.5) ºÍ¸ß̼º¬Á¿ (C:N.4;Stevens et al.1998,Morley and Baggs 2010)¡£


Ìí¼Ó DIN Ò²ÓÐÏÔ×ŵĴ¦ÀíЧ¹û£¬N2Oflux ºÍ DIN Ũ¶ÈÖ®¼ä³ÊÕýÏßÐÔÏà¹Ø£¬±íÃ÷Ëæ×ÅË®Öù DIN µÄÔö¼Ó£¬¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ N2O µÄ²úÉúÒ²Ôö¼Ó£¨Í¼ 2a£¬±í 2£©¡£Õâ×ñÑ­ÀàËƵÄÏßÐÔģʽ£¬¾ßÓÐÒÔÇ°ÔÚ³±¼ä´ø¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨Öп´µ½¹ý£¨Middelburg et al.1995£©£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÔÚºÓ¿Ú¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨Öп´µ½µÄÖ¸Êý¹Øϵ£¨Seitzinger and Nixon 1985£©¡£ÕâЩ·¢ÏÖÒ»Æð±íÃ÷Ñغ£Éú̬ϵͳµÄÕâÁ½¸ö×é³É²¿·Ö¿ÉÄܶÔÑø·Ö¸ººÉÓв»Í¬µÄ·´Ó¦¡£ºÓ¿Ú¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¶ÔÑø·Ö¸»¼¯µÄÖ¸ÊýÏìÓ¦£¨Seitzinger ºÍ Nixon 1985£©±íÃ÷ºÓ¿Ú N2O ͨÁ¿¿ÉÄܱȳ±¼ä´ø¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¶ÔÑø·Ö¸ººÉµÄ±ä»¯¸üÃô¸Ð¡£ÒѾ­ÈÏΪºÓ¿Ú¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨¼¸ºõÊÇ»·¾³ÖÐ N2O µÄΨһÀ´Ô´£¨Middelburg µÈÈË.1995 Ä꣩£¬¶ø¶ÔÈËΪ N µÄ¸ü¸ßÃô¸ÐÐÔ¿ÉÄÜÖ»»á¼Ó¾çÕâÖÖÀ´Ô´£¨Kroeze µÈÈË£¬2005 Ä꣩¡£ ±¾Ñо¿ºÍÆäËûÈË£¨ÀýÈ磬Wang µÈÈË£¬2007 Ä꣩ÒѾ­±íÃ÷£¬dalflats Äܹ»³ÉΪ N2O µÄÖØÒª»ã¡£ÓÉÓÚ¶Ô DIN ¸ºÔصÄÏßÐÔÏìÓ¦£¬tidalflat N2Ofluxes ¿ÉÄÜ¶Ô N µÄÈËΪÔö¼Ó²»Ì«Ãô¸Ð¸ºÔرȺӿڸߣ¬µ«Ôö¼ÓµÄ N ¸ºÔØÈÔÈ»ÓпÉÄܽ«ÕâЩϵͳתÒƵ½¸ü³Ö¾ÃµÄ N2O À´Ô´¡£ 2). ÁîÈ˾ªÑȵÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÖÖÇ÷ÊÆÓëµ¥¶ÀµÄ DIN ´¦ÀíÏà·´¡£¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø·¢ÏÖ£¬Ëæ×ÅÁ×ËáÑÎŨ¶ÈµÄÔö¼Ó£¬¸ü¶àµÄ N2O ±»ÎüÊÕ£¨Í¼ 2a£©¡£ÕâÖÖ¹Øϵ±íÃ÷£¬ÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐ N2O ÎüÊյĹý³ÌÊÇ P ÏÞÖƵÄ¡£ P ÏÞÖƵĽøÒ»²½Ö¤¾ÝÊÇ DIN ºÍ DIN?DIP ´¦ÀíÖÐ N2Oflux ºÍ N:P Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¨Í¼ 3£©¡£Á½ÖÖ´¦Àí¶¼ÏÔʾ N2Oflux ºÍ N:P Ö®¼äµÄÕýÏßÐÔÏà¹Ø£¨Í¼ 3£©¡£È»¶ø£¬Ð±Æ ÕâЩ¹ØϵµÄ²»Í¬Ö®´¦ÔÚÓÚ£¬¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬´¦Àí½ø³Ì¶Ô N2Oflux ¾ßÓÐÏà·´µÄÓ°Ï죨ͼ 3£©¡£½öÌí¼Ó DIN£¬µ¼Ö N:P Ôö¼Ó£¬²úÉú¸ü¶à N2O£¨Í¼ 3£©¡£ 3a). Ïà·´£¬ÔÚ DIN?DIP Ìí¼ÓÖУ¬DIP µÄÌí¼ÓºÍ N:P µÄͬʱ¼õÉÙ£¬ÎüÊÕµÄ N2O Ô½¶à£¨Í¼ 3b£©¡£ÕâЩÊý¾ÝÒ»Æð±íÃ÷ÕâЩ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐµÄ N2O ÎüÊÕ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÁ× -ÀÍ˹ÓÐÏÞ¡£


ËäÈ»µªÍ¨³£±»ÈÏΪÊǺ£ÑóÉú̬ϵͳÖеÄÏÞÖÆÐÔÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬µ«ÔÚÕû¸öº£Ñó»·¾³Öеĸ÷ÖÖȺÂäÖж¼·¢ÏÖÁËÁ×ÏÞÖÆ£¨Fourqurean µÈÈË 1992¡¢MacRae µÈÈË 1994¡¢Cotner µÈÈË 1997¡¢Karl ºÍ Yanagi 1997,Moore et al.2013)£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÀ´×ÔͬһÉú̬ϵͳµÄ³±Ï«Ïª¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐÒ²·¢ÏÖÁË P ÏÞÖƵÄÖ¤¾Ý£¨Vieillard ºÍ Fulweiler 2012£©¡£´ËÍ⣬ÒѾ­·¢ÏÖÑÎÕÓ¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨µÄÒìÑø΢ÉúÎïȺÂäÖ÷ÒªÊܵ½ÏÞÖÆÓÉÁ×£¨Sundareshwar µÈÈË£¬2003 Ä꣩¡£Sundareshwar µÈÈË£¨2003 Ä꣩»¹±íÃ÷£¬µ±Á×ÏÞÖÆʱ N2O Éú³ÉÂÊÉý¸ß£¬µ«ÔÚÌí¼ÓÁ×ʱ½µµÍ£¬Õâ±íÃ÷·´Ïõ»¯Æ÷µÄÏÞÖÆ£¬ÕýÈç¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔÚ±¾Ñо¿Öй۲쵽µÄ£¨Í¼ 3£»Sundareshwar µÈÈË 2003¡£¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÄ½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬ÕâЩ³±Ì²¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨Öз´Ïõ»¯Æ÷¶Ô N2O µÄÎüÊÕÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊܵ½ P ÏÞÖÆ¡£ÔÚ¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÄÓªÑøÐÞÕý´¦ÀíÖУ¬ÏõËáÑεĴæÔÚ»ò²»´æÔÚ£¬ÀíÂÛÉÏ ·´Ïõ»¯ N2O ÎüÊÕµÄÇý¶¯ÒòËØ£¨Miller µÈÈË£¬1986 Ä꣩£¬²»»áÏÔ×ÅÓ°Ïì N2O ÎüÊÕ¡£ÎüÊÕÂÊÖ»»áÔÚ P Ũ¶ÈÔö¼Óʱ¼±¾çÔö¼Ó¡£Õâ±íÃ÷·´Ïõ»¯ºÍ DIP Ö®¼ä´æÔÚ»ù±¾ÇÒÏà¶Ô먦·¢µÄÁªÏµ¡£Ëü»¹±íÃ÷Óëµ¥´¿µÄÏõËáÑÎŨ¶ÈÏà±È£¬N:P µÄ±ÈÀý¶Ô N2O ÎüÊÕµÄÓ°Ïì¿ÉÄܸü´ó¡£

ͼ 1. Rowley River ÏÖ³¡²ÉÑùµã£¬2012 Äê 6 Ô 29 ÈÕ¡£ÕÕƬÀ´Ô´£ºAM Vieillard¡£


¸ÃÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬½ÏµÍµÄ N:P ±ÈÂÊÓÐÀûÓÚ³±Ì²¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖÐ N2O µÄÎüÊÕ£¬¶ø½Ï¸ßµÄ N:P ±ÈÂÊ»á´Ì¼¤ N2O µÄ¾»²úÁ¿£¨Í¼ 3£©¡£ÕâÒ»·¢ÏÖ¶ÔÑغ£Éú̬ϵͳ¾ßÓÐDZÔÚµÄÉîÔ¶Ó°Ïì¡£ËäÈ»ÈËÀà»î¶¯Èç·ÊÁÏÉú²úÓ°Ï쵪ºÍÁ×Ñ­»·£¬ÔÚÈ«Çò·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬N µÄ×ÔÈ»ºÍÈËΪÀ´Ô´±È P ¶Ô»·¾³´óµÃ¶à£¨ÀýÈ磬Fanning 1989£¬Carpenter ºÍ Romans 1991£¬Karl µÈÈË£¬1997£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÈËΪÐÐΪ²»½öÔö¼ÓÁËÊäË͵½Ñغ£ÏµÍ³µÄ N ×ÜÁ¿£¬»¹Ôö¼ÓÁË N:P µÄ±ÈÂÊ£¨Nixon 1993£¬Benitez-Nelson 2000£©¡£ÕâЩ¶Ô N:P ±ÈÂʵÄÈŶ¯ÔÚÕû¸öÉú̬ϵͳÖв¢²»Í³Ò»£¬±íÃ÷ÊÜÓ°Ïì¸üÑÏÖصÄÉú̬ϵͳ£¬ÄÇЩͨ³£¾ßÓÐ½Ï¸ß N:P ±ÈÂʵÄÉú̬ϵͳ£¬¿ÉÄÜ»á²úÉú¸ü¶àµÄ N2O¡£ »¹»áÒÖÖƳ±¼ä´ø¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨´Ó´óÆøÖÐÈ¥³ý N2O µÄÄÜÁ¦£¬¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö N2O ÅÅ·ÅÁ¿Ôö¼Ó¡£


Éú̬ϵͳ N2O ¶¯Ì¬


ΪÁ˹À¼Æ¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø²âÁ¿µÄ N2Ofluxes ¶ÔÕâ¸öϵͳµÄDZÔÚÓ°Ï죬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¿ÉÒÔ½«ËüÃÇ·Å´óµ½Éú̬ϵͳˮƽ¡£×÷Ϊ½üËÆÖµ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¿ÉÒÔʹÓÿ­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøÔÚ 6.7 6 2 lmol m-2 h µÄʵµØÑо¿ÖвâÁ¿µÄƽ¾ùͨÁ¿¡ª1£¬²¢ÇÒ£¬¼ÙÉèÕâ¸öƽ¾ùÖµÔÚ¿Õ¼äÉÏ´ú±íÁË÷µººÓ¿ÚÉú̬ϵͳÖÐ 7.2 ƽ·½¹«ÀïµÄ³±Ï«£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¼ÆËãÁËÏļ¾£¨6 Ô¡¢7 ÔÂºÍ 8 Ô£©£¬±©Â¶µÄ³±Ï«Îª 106 kmol N2O¡£È»ºó£¬Ê¹ÓÃÒ»¸ö·¶Î§ÔÚδø³±Ï´øºÓ¿Ú¿­·¢ÔÚÏßƽ̨ÖвâÁ¿µÄ N2Oflux µÄÊýÁ¿£¨Seitzinger ºÍ Nixon 1985£¬Dong µÈÈË 2002£©²¢½«ÕâЩֵӦÓÃÓÚ Plum Island Sound ºÓ¿ÚÇøÓò£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³ö¿ÉÄܵÄÏļ¾ N2Ofluxes ·¶Î§Ô¼Îª 26 ÖÁ 3000 kmol¡£¸½½üÄÉÀ­¸ÊÎ÷ÌØÍåµÄ N2O ÊÍ·ÅÁ¿ÂäÔÚÕâЩֵµÄ½ÏµÍ¶Ë£¬µ±Ó¦ÓÃÓÚ Plum Island Sound ÇøÓòʱ£¬¿ÉÄÜ»á´Ó Plum Island Sound ºÓ¿Ú²úÉú 24.5 kmol µÄÏļ¾ N2O ÅÅ·ÅÁ¿¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÏļ¾£¬³±Ì²×÷ÓÃ×÷Ϊһ¸öµ¥¶À¿ÉÄܸü¶àµÄË®²Û ƽºâµÄºÓ¿Ú N2O ²úÁ¿»ùÓÚÀ´×Ô¸½½üµÄ´óÐͺӿڵĹÀ¼Æ¡£¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍø»¹¿ÉÒÔ°üÀ¨À´×Ô÷µºº£Ï¿ÑÎÕÓ±ßÔµµÄ N2Oflux¡£Ê¹Óà 33 lmol m-2 d-1 µÄÏļ¾ N2Oflux£¨Moseman-Valtierra µÈÈË£¬2011 ) Ó¦ÓÃÓÚÉú̬ϵͳÖÐ 39 km2 µÄÑÎÕÓ£¬¿­·¢k8¹ú¼Ê¹ÙÍøµÃµ½ÁË 117 kmol N2O ±»ÕÓÔóÎüÊÕµÄÏļ¾Í¨Á¿¡£¼ÆËãÏļ¾¾»Éú̬ϵͳÎüÊÕ 200 kmol N2O¡£ÕâÊǸÃϵͳÌṩµÄ´Ó´óÆøÖÐÈ¥³ý N2O µÄ´óÁ¿Éú̬ϵͳ·þÎñ£¬±»¹éÀàΪһ×é±»ÈÏΪÊÇÏà·´µÄϵͳ£¨Seitzinger µÈÈË£¬2007£©¡£ 2000£¬Kroeze µÈÈË£¬2005 Äê¡£´ËÍ⣬ÕâÊÇÑغ£ÏµÍ³ÌṩµÄÓÖÒ»ÏîÖØÒª·þÎñ£¬ÊÜÈËΪ»î¶¯Î£º¦¡£Ôö¼Ó N ÊäËÍ£¬Ò²Ðí¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚÈËÀà»î¶¯µ¼ÖÂÑغ£ÏµÍ³ N:P ±ÈÂÊÔö¼Ó×è°­µÄDZÁ¦ r ³±Ï«Ì²´Ó´óÆøÖÐÈ¥³ýÕâÖÖǿЧÎÂÊÒÆøÌåµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£


³±Ï«Âö³å¶ÔÓÚκͳ±¼ä´øÄà̲ÖÐÒ»Ñõ»¯¶þµªÍ¨Á¿¸Ä±äµÄÑо¿¡ª¡ªÕªÒª¡¢½éÉÜ

³±Ï«Âö³å¶ÔÓÚκͳ±¼ä´øÄà̲ÖÐÒ»Ñõ»¯¶þµªÍ¨Á¿¸Ä±äµÄÑо¿¡ª¡ª·½·¨¡¢Êý¾Ý·ÖÎö

³±Ï«Âö³å¶ÔÓÚκͳ±¼ä´øÄà̲ÖÐÒ»Ñõ»¯¶þµªÍ¨Á¿¸Ä±äµÄÑо¿¡ª¡ª½á¹û

³±Ï«Âö³å¶ÔÓÚκͳ±¼ä´øÄà̲ÖÐÒ»Ñõ»¯¶þµªÍ¨Á¿¸Ä±äµÄÑо¿¡ª¡ªÌÖÂÛ

³±Ï«Âö³å¶ÔÓÚκͳ±¼ä´øÄà̲ÖÐÒ»Ñõ»¯¶þµªÍ¨Á¿¸Ä±äµÄÑо¿¡ª¡ª½áÂÛ¡¢ÖÂл£¡